1.研究目的:
The research in this article aims to explore the energy harvesting potential of a dual-rotor electromagnetic energy system in smart home applications. By designing and experimentally validating the dual-rotor electromagnetic energy harvesting generator and its associated Power Management System (PMS), the goal is to develop an efficient and compact energy harvesting system that can collect energy from everyday activities such as opening and closing windows. This study seeks to provide a sustainable, self-sufficient energy solution for smart home applications, reducing dependence on traditional power grids.
本文的研究目的是探索双转子电磁能量系统在智能家居应用中的能量收集潜力。通过设计和实验验证双转子电磁能量收集发电机和电源管理系统PMS，希望能够开发一种高效、小型的能量收集系统，可以从打开和关闭窗户等日常活动中收集能量。该研究旨在为智能家居应用提供可持续、自给自足的能源解决方案，以减少对传统电网的依赖。
2.研究背景(所面临的技术领域，以及该领域内某个待解决的具体技术问题。)
The research background of this study is energy harvesting technology in the context of smart home applications. With the proliferation and increasing adoption of smart home devices, there is a growing demand for a reliable energy source. However, traditional battery-based power sources have limitations in terms of capacity and the inconvenience of replacement. As a result, researchers have started exploring the use of environmental energy harvesting technologies, such as electromagnetic energy harvesting, to provide a continuous energy supply for smart home devices.
本文的研究背景是智能家居应用中的能量收集技术。随着智能家居设备的普及和增多，对能量供应的需求也在增加。然而，传统的电池供电方式存在着容量有限、更换麻烦等问题。因此，研究人员开始探索利用环境能量收集技术，如电磁能量收集，来为智能家居设备提供持续的能量供应。
Specific technical issues include:
具体的技术问题包括：
1.Energy Harvesting Efficiency: How to efficiently convert kinetic energy from everyday life into electrical energy to provide sufficient power to meet the demands of smart home devices?
1.能源采集效率：如何有效地从日常生活中的动能转化为电能，以提供足够的电力来满足智能家居设备的需求？
2.Device Size and Integration: How to design compact and highly integrated energy harvesting systems to make them easy to install in various smart home devices without causing inconvenience or occupying a significant amount of space?
2.设备尺寸和集成：如何设计小型且集成度高的能源收集系统，使其易于安装在各种智能家居设备中，而不引起不便或占用大量空间？
3.Stability and Reliability: How to ensure that the energy harvesting system maintains stability and reliability over long-term usage to meet the requirements of smart home applications?
3.稳定性和可靠性：如何确保能源收集系统在长期使用中具有稳定性和可靠性，以满足智能家居应用的要求？
4.Energy Management and Storage: How to effectively manage and store the captured energy to ensure it is available for use when needed and provide sustainability to the energy supply?
4.能源管理和储存：如何有效地管理和储存捕获的能源，以确保在需要时可供使用，并为能源供应提供可持续性？
3.本研究的[现有技术]
3.1该技术领域的总体状况
The existing technological domain of this research is energy harvesting technology in the context of smart home applications. There has been significant progress in the development of smart home applications, including the widespread adoption and continuous enhancement of smart home devices’ functionalities. However, the energy supply for these devices remains a challenge, with traditional battery-powered methods having limitations such as limited capacity and inconvenience in replacement. Therefore, researchers have begun to focus on the utilization of environmental energy harvesting technologies to provide a continuous energy supply for smart home devices.
本研究的现有技术领域是智能家居应用中的能量收集技术。智能家居应用的发展已经取得了显著的进展，包括智能家居设备的普及和功能的不断增强。然而，这些设备的能量供应仍然是一个挑战，传统的电池供电方式存在容量有限、更换麻烦等问题。因此，研究人员开始关注利用环境能量收集技术来为智能家居设备提供持续的能量供应。
Currently, several energy harvesting technologies have been applied in the field of smart homes, including solar energy, thermal energy, and vibrational energy, among others. However, these technologies still face some practical issues, such as low energy conversion efficiency and large device dimensions. Therefore, the aim of this research is to explore a new energy harvesting technology, namely the dual-rotor electromagnetic energy harvesting system, to enhance energy harvesting efficiency and device compactness.
目前，已经有一些能量收集技术被应用于智能家居领域，包括太阳能、热能、振动能等。然而，这些技术在实际应用中还存在一些问题，如能量转换效率低、设备尺寸大等。因此，本研究旨在探索一种新的能量收集技术，即双转子电磁能量收集系统，以提高能量收集效率和设备的紧凑性。
3.2与本研究提出的改进方案，有相关的技术
A similar approach to the dual-rotor electromagnetic energy harvesting system proposed in this research is the rotary electromagnetic energy harvesting system. The rotary electromagnetic energy harvesting system is also a technology that converts mechanical motion into electrical energy, much like the dual-rotor electromagnetic energy harvesting system. Both of these approaches make use of the relative movement between a rotor and a stator to generate induced voltage.
与本研究提出的双转子电磁能量收集系统类似的方案是旋转电磁能量收集系统。旋转电磁能量收集系统也是一种利用机械运动转换为电能的技术，类似于双转子电磁能量收集系统。这两种方案都利用了转子和定子之间的相对运动来产生感应电压。
3.3参考文献(提供出处，例如:出自专利文献、期刊、书籍。)
[1]杜小振,张龙波,于红.磁力调频压电电磁复合发电设计与实验[J].光学精密工程,2016,24(11):2753-2760.
[2]胡业发,许开国,张锦光等.磁悬浮风力发电机用磁力轴承的分析与设计[J].轴承,2008(07):6-10.DOI:10.19533/j.issn1000-3762.2008.07.003.
[3]李伟,车录锋,王跃林.横向电磁式振动能量采集器的设计与制作[J].光学精密工程,2013,21(03):694-700.
[4]桑英军,滕藤,曹阳等.电磁与压电复合式振动能量收集系统研究[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),2022,43(03):17-23+29.DOI:10.19789/j.1004-9398.2022.03.004.
[5]王彪. 宽频带非线性振动能量收集器的研究[D].西安电子科技大学,2022.DOI:10.27389/d.cnki.gxadu.2021.000606.
[6] Cheng M , Wu J , Liang X ,et al.Hybrid multi-mode magneto-mechano-electric generator with enhanced magnetic field energy harvesting performance[J].Sensors and Actuators, A. Physical, 2023.
[7] Bradai S , Naifar S , Trigona C ,et al.An electromagnetic/magnetoelectric transducer based on nonlinear RMSHI circuit for energy harvesting and sensing[J].Measurement, 2021(177-):177.
[8] Dinulovic D .Rotational Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting System[J].Physics Procedia, 2015, 75:1244-1251.DOI:10.1016/j.phpro.2015.12.137.
4.现有技术的缺陷和不足
1.Low Energy Transmission Efficiency: Due to various factors influencing electromagnetic energy during the transmission process, such as transmission distance and transmission medium, energy transmission efficiency is often low. This implies that the collected electromagnetic energy may not be sufficient to meet the needs of smart home devices, and it may not fully utilize the harvestable energy, thereby affecting their normal operation.
能量传输效率低：由于电磁能量在传输过程中会受到各种因素的影响，例如传输距离、传输介质等，导致能量传输效率较低。这意味着收集到的电磁能量可能无法满足智能家居设备的需求，无法充分利用可收集的能量。从而影响其正常运行。
2.Environmental Limitations: Electromagnetic energy harvesting systems have certain requirements regarding the electromagnetic energy density and frequency in the surrounding environment. If there is significant electromagnetic interference in the environment or if the electromagnetic energy is weak, it can have a negative impact on energy harvesting efficiency.
受环境限制较大：电磁能量收集系统对周围环境中的电磁能量密度和频率有一定的要求，如果环境中的电磁干扰较大或者电磁能量较弱，将会对能量收集效果产生负面影响。
3.High Device Position and Layout Requirements: To optimize energy harvesting efficiency, it is necessary to carefully arrange the position and layout of the devices, ensuring that the positioning and angles between the collector and transmitter are such that energy transmission is maximized. This may require additional user intervention and adjustments, which can be inconvenient.
对设备位置和布局要求较高：为了优化能量收集效果，需要合理安排设备的位置和布局，使得收集器和发射器之间的位置、角度等能够最大化地实现能量传输。这对于用户来说可能需要额外的操作和调整。
4.Security and Privacy Concerns: There are certain security and privacy concerns associated with electromagnetic energy harvesting. For instance, unauthorized third parties may attempt to steal transmitted energy or monitor the information related to energy transmission. It’s essential to consider relevant security measures in the design and implementation to address these potential issues.
安全和隐私问题：在电磁能量收集的过程中，存在一定的安全和隐私问题。例如，未经授权的第三方可能会窃取传输的能量或者监控能量传输的信息，这需要在设计和应用中考虑到相关安全措施。
5.Cost and Sustainability: While electromagnetic energy harvesting systems offer a wireless power solution for devices, they can be relatively expensive, limiting their widespread adoption in large-scale applications. Furthermore, there is a need for further improvements in terms of sustainability, including the environmental impact of materials used and the energy efficiency of the technology.
成本和可持续性：尽管电磁能量收集系统为设备提供了一种无线供电的解决方案，但其成本可能较高，限制了其在大规模应用中的推广。并且在可持续性方面仍需进一步改进。
6.Low Output Voltage Levels: Current energy harvesting systems often have relatively low output voltages, necessitating further enhancement to meet the operational requirements of electronic devices. This limitation may require additional components, such as voltage converters, to step up the voltage to levels suitable for powering electronic devices effectively.
6.输出电压水平较低：现有技术中的能量收集系统通常输出电压较低，需要进一步提升才能满足电子设备的工作要求。
7.Large Size: Some energy harvesting systems have larger physical dimensions, which can limit their applicability in certain scenarios.
7.尺寸较大：部分能量收集系统的尺寸较大，限制了其在一些应用场景中的使用。
8.Sensitivity to External Conditions: Certain energy harvesting systems are sensitive to external factors, such as light exposure, temperature, and other environmental variables. This sensitivity can lead to fluctuations in performance, making them less stable under changing conditions.
8.对外部条件敏感：某些能量收集系统对外部条件（如光照、温度等）较为敏感，可能受到环境变化的影响而效果不稳定。
5.本研究的具体技术方案
5.1要解决的问题是通过什么样的技术方案来实现的?
The problem addressed in this article is how to achieve energy collection and conversion using a dual-rotor electromagnetic energy harvesting system. Energy from the environment is collected and converted into usable direct current voltage through the dual-rotor EH device and the Power Management System (PMS). To enhance energy collection efficiency, multi-layer printed circuit board (PCB) technology is employed for coil design and manufacturing. This is done to achieve efficient energy conversion and compact dimensions suitable for applications like smart homes. By addressing this problem, a sustainable and efficient energy supply solution is provided, ensuring a stable power source for electronic devices.
本文要解决的问题是如何通过双转子电磁能量收集系统实现能量的收集和转换。通过双转子EH装置和电源管理系统（PMS）来收集环境中的能量，并将其转换为可用的直流电压，以供电子设备使用。为了提高能量收集效率，采用了多层印刷电路板(PCB)技术来设计和制造线圈。实现高效能量转换和紧凑尺寸，适用于智能家居等应用场景。通过解决这个问题，可以提供一种可持续、高效的能量供应解决方案，为电子设备提供稳定的电力来源。
During the process of opening and closing windows, kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy. The EH system consists of a shaft, which is pushed or pulled as the window is opened and closed. This motion of the shaft activates two electromagnetic rotation systems, converting the kinetic energy into alternating current voltage. The energy is then collected from the environment by the Power Management System (PMS) and converted into usable direct current voltage for powering electronic devices.
在打开和关闭窗户的过程中，动能运动能量转换为电能。EH系统由一个轴组成，在打开和关闭窗户的过程中，轴被推或拉。轴的这种运动激活了两个电磁旋转系统，将动能转化为交流电压。再由电源管理系统（PMS）来收集环境中的能量，并将其转换为可用的直流电压，以供电子设备使用。
5.2各个待解决的问题，其改进点及相应的技术方案，请详细说明?
1.Problem: Low energy collection efficiency.
Improvement: Enhancing energy collection efficiency.
Technical Solution: Achieving energy collection through the use of a dual-rotor EH (Energy Harvesting) device and a multi-layer PCB coil design. The dual-rotor EH device utilizes the relative motion between the rotor and stator to generate induced voltage, while the multi-layer PCB coil design is employed to improve coil efficiency and compactness.
1.问题：能量收集效率低下。 改进点：提高能量收集效率。 技术方案：采用双转子EH装置和多层PCB线圈设计来实现能量收集。双转子EH装置利用转子和定子之间的相对运动来产生感应电压，通过多层PCB线圈设计来提高线圈的效率和紧凑性。
The dual-rotor EH (Electro-Hydrodynamic) device consists of a rotor and a stator, with permanent magnets on the rotor and coils on the stator. As the rotor rotates, the relative motion between the permanent magnets and the coils generates induced voltage. To minimize energy loss, the rotor is supported by ball bearings and achieves energy conversion through the oscillatory motion of gears and micro-coils.
双转子EH装置由转子和定子组成，其中转子上有永磁体，定子上有线圈。当转子旋转时，永磁体和线圈之间的相对运动会产生感应电压。为了最大限度地减少能量损失，转子采用滚珠轴承承载，并通过齿轮和微线圈的振荡运动来实现能量转换。
When the pushrod is pressed and the two leg springs compress until the linear movement nears completion (closing the window), the pushrod tightens the two compressed springs. In the final position (closing the window), the compressed springs are maximally tightened and held in place, but the gears are released, and the leg springs release energy, causing the gears to rotate. In the state of maximum pushrod compression, the gears can move freely, thus enabling the continuous conversion of potential energy from the torsion springs and the rotational energy of the gears. This oscillation is primarily affected by parasitic friction rather than eddy currents, until the gears eventually come to a stop, ceasing the generation of voltage in the coils.
当推杆被按下并且两腿弹簧直至线性运动接近结束（关闭窗户）时，推杆会拉紧两个压缩弹簧。在最终位置（关闭窗户）中，压缩弹簧会被最大程度地拉紧并保持在原地，但齿轮会释放并且腿部弹簧会释放能量，导致齿轮旋转。在推杆最大压缩状态下，齿轮可以自由移动，从而实现了势能从扭转弹簧和齿轮的旋转能量的持续转换。这种振荡主要受到寄生摩擦的阻尼，而不是涡流的影响，直到齿轮最终停止，从而在线圈中不再产生电压。
When the pushrod is released (opening the window), the energy from the compressed springs is used to tighten the two legs while simultaneously pushing out the plunger. This means that enough mechanical energy is injected into the system when the window is closed to support two complete cycles of the collector.
当推杆被释放（打开窗户）时，来自压缩弹簧的能量用于拉紧两条腿，同时将柱塞推出。这意味着当窗户关闭时，足够的机械能被注入系统，以支持收集器进行两次行程。
2.Problem: Low energy conversion efficiency, unstable energy supply.
Improvement: Increase energy conversion efficiency and provide a stable energy supply.
Technical Solution: Implement a Power Management System (PMS) to improve energy conversion efficiency. Stable energy supply is achieved through the use of an MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) converter and control circuitry within the PMS. The PMS consists of the MPPT converter, control circuitry, and bias supply. The MPPT converter is responsible for boosting the low alternating current (AC) voltage and providing impedance matching. The control circuitry employs Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signals to drive the power stage MOSFET for maximum power point tracking. The bias supply provides sufficient voltage to initiate the MPPT converter. The MPPT converter converts the AC voltage into direct current (DC) voltage and ensures stable energy output through impedance matching. The control circuitry maintains a stable energy supply by controlling the converter’s output using PWM signals.
2.问题：能量转换效率低下，能量供应不稳定。 改进点：提高能量转换效率，提供稳定的能量供应。 技术方案：采用电源管理系统(PMS)来提高能量转换效率。通过PMS中的MPPT转换器和控制电路来实现稳定的能量供应。PMS包括MPPT转换器、控制电路和偏置电源。MPPT转换器用于将低交流电压升压，并提供阻抗匹配功能。控制电路通过脉宽调制(PWM)信号来驱动功率级MOSFET，实现最大功率点跟踪。偏置电源提供足够的电压来启动MPPT转换器。MPPT转换器将交流电压转换为直流电压，并通过阻抗匹配来提供稳定的能量输出。控制电路通过脉宽调制信号来控制转换器的输出，以保持稳定的能量供应。
This specific technical solution enables efficient harvesting and conversion of energy from the environment, providing a stable DC power source for electronic devices. This approach is characterized by its compact size and high-efficiency energy conversion, making it suitable for applications such as smart homes.
通过这个具体的技术方案，可以实现对环境中的能量进行高效收集和转换，为电子设备提供稳定的直流电源。这种方案具有紧凑的尺寸和高效能量转换的特点，适用于智能家居等应用场景。
5.3具体技术方案的流程图，请画出来。
6.具体实施方式及附图
6.1研究方法的实施步骤(具体实施方式应与技术方案相一致):
The implementation steps of the research method used in this article are as follows:
本文中使用的研究方法的实施步骤如下：
1.Designing a Dual-Rotor EH Device: Design a small-sized, high-efficiency dual-rotor EH device based on the dimensions and requirements of the window. Considering geometric constraints and technical limitations, opt for multi-layer PCB coil technology to achieve coil compactness and efficiency.
1.设计双转子EH装置：根据窗户的尺寸和要求，设计一个小型、高效的双转子EH装置。考虑到几何约束和技术方面的限制，选择多层PCB线圈技术来实现线圈的紧凑性和效率。
2.Simulation Analysis: Utilize simulation tools such as Ansys Maxwell to conduct electromagnetic generator simulations. Simulate the induced voltage as a function of rotation speed and estimate the maximum amplitude of induced voltage. Based on the simulation results, assess the output power and efficiency of the EH generator.
2.模拟分析：使用Ansys Maxwell等仿真工具，进行电磁发电机的模拟分析。通过模拟感应电压作为转速的函数，估计感应电压的最大幅值。根据模拟结果，评估EH发电机的输出功率和效率。
3.Experimental Measurement: Evaluate the PCB coils developed and manufactured using an impedance analyzer, such as the Agilent 5061B. Measure the coil’s inductance, resistance, and frequency characteristics. Validate the coil’s design and performance based on the experimental results.
3.实验测量：使用阻抗分析仪Agilent 5061B对开发和制造的PCB线圈进行评估。测量线圈的电感、电阻和频率特性。通过实验结果，验证线圈的设计和性能。
4.Designing a Power Management System (PMS): Based on the characteristics and requirements of the EH system, design a power management system. The PMS consists of an MPPT converter, control circuitry, and bias supply. The MPPT converter is responsible for converting AC voltage into DC voltage and providing impedance matching. The control circuitry drives the converter using pulse width modulation signals to achieve maximum power point tracking. The bias supply provides the voltage required to initiate the converter.
4.设计电源管理系统(PMS)：根据EH系统的特点和要求，设计电源管理系统。PMS由MPPT转换器、控制电路和偏置电源组成。MPPT转换器用于将交流电压转换为直流电压，并提供阻抗匹配功能。控制电路通过脉宽调制信号来驱动转换器，并实现最大功率点跟踪。偏置电源提供启动转换器所需的电压。
5.Experimental Testing: Establish an experimental setup and conduct tests to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Test the energy harvesting efficiency, energy conversion efficiency, and energy supply stability of the dual-rotor EH device. Evaluate the system’s performance and effectiveness based on the experimental results.
5.实验测试：建立实验装置并进行测试，以验证所提出方法的有效性。测试双转子EH装置的能量收集效率、能量转换效率和能量供应的稳定性。通过实验结果，评估系统的性能和效果。
Through the aforementioned implementation steps, a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of the dual-rotor EH device and the power management system can be achieved. These steps will assist in optimizing the design of energy harvesting and power supply systems, providing guidance and reference for achieving more efficient and reliable energy harvesting and power supply. It will also validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed methods.
通过以上实施步骤，可以全面评估双转子EH装置和电源管理系统的性能，并验证所提出方法的有效性和可行性。这些步骤将有助于优化能量收集和供电系统的设计，并提供指导和参考，以实现更高效、可靠的能量收集和供电。
7.本研究的优点
1.A comprehensive energy harvesting system has been proposed, comprising a dual-rotor energy generator and its associated power management system.
提出了一个完整的能量收集系统，包括双转子能量发电机和相关的电源管理系统。
2.This system is designed for smart home applications and can harvest energy from the switching process of windows.
该系统针对智能家居应用，可以从窗户的开关过程中收集能量。
3.This system can be used to monitor the status of windows, providing convenience and security in smart home applications.
该系统可以用于监测窗户的状态，提供了智能家居中的便利性和安全性。
4.The design incorporates dual rotors, utilizing bidirectional motion to maximize energy conversion.
采用了双转子的设计，利用了双向运动来最大化能量转换。
5.Innovation: This study introduces a complete EH system composed of a dual-rotor EH generator and associated PMS for smart home applications. The design and implementation of this system are innovative.
5.创新性：本研究提出了一个由双转子EH发电机和相关PMS组成的完整的EH系统，用于智能家居应用。这种系统的设计和实现是创新的。
6.Efficiency: The effectiveness of the proposed solution has been demonstrated through experimental results. The EH system can harvest energy from the opening and closing of windows and achieve maximum power point tracking (MPPT) through a converter, enhancing energy conversion efficiency.
6.高效性：通过实验结果证明了所提出解决方案的有效性。EH系统能够从打开和关闭窗户中收集能量，并通过MPPT转换器实现最大功率点跟踪，提高能量转换效率。
7.Compact Size: The dimensions of the dual-rotor EH device are 60mm×26mm×10mm, which is in line with the standard gap dimensions between window frames and sashes, making it easy to integrate into existing window products.
7.尺寸紧凑：双转子EH装置的尺寸为60mm × 26mm × 10mm，符合窗框和窗扇之间的标准间隙尺寸，可以方便地集成到现有的窗户产品中。
8.Multi-layer Coil Design: Utilizing multi-layer printed circuit board (PCB) technology has enabled the miniaturization of the electromagnetic system. By employing multi-layer coils, the efficiency and energy conversion capability of the coils have been improved.
8.多层线圈设计：采用多层印刷电路板(PCB)技术，实现了小型化的电磁系统。通过使用多层线圈，提高了线圈的效率和能量转换能力。
9.Experimental Validation: The feasibility and performance of the proposed solution have been validated through experimental measurements and simulation. The experimental results confirm the system’s stability and reliability.
9.实验验证：通过实验测量和模拟仿真，验证了所提出方案的可行性和性能。实验结果证明了系统的稳定性和可靠性。
In summary, the advantages of this research lie in its innovativeness, efficiency, compact size, multi-coil design, experimental validation, and enhancements in the efficiency and performance of energy harvesting and power supply systems.
综上所述，本研究的优点在于创新性、高效性、尺寸紧凑、多层线圈设计、实验验证等，提高了能量收集和供电系统的效率和性能等。
相关链接
《Dual-Rotor Electromagnetic-Based Energy Harvesting System for SmartHomeApplications》（下）
Dual-Rotor Electromagnetic-Based Energy Harvesting System for SmartHomeApplications
